What is Sclerotherapy?
Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat spider veins, varicose veins, and venous insufficiency. A medical professional injects a special solution (called a sclerosant) directly into the affected vein, causing it to irritate the vein lining. This results in controlled damage that makes the vein collapse, shrink, and eventually be reabsorbed by the body.
The surrounding skin can be affected by the injection, and in some cases, this controlled damage may cause skin discoloration, ulceration, or even open wounds if complications occur.
Conditions Treated:
- Spider veins (telangiectasia)
- Small varicose veins
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Venous ulcers (as a secondary result of treating vein issues)
Types of Sclerotherapy:
- Liquid Sclerotherapy – Uses a liquid sclerosant, suitable for smaller veins.
- Foam Sclerotherapy – A foamed version of the solution is used to cover a larger surface area; more effective for medium-sized veins.
- Ultrasound-Guided Sclerotherapy – Used for deeper veins, guided with imaging to ensure precision.
How the Wound Happens:
Even when done correctly, sclerotherapy intentionally damages the inner lining of the vein, which triggers inflammation and eventual closure of the vein. However, complications may arise if:
- The solution leaks into surrounding tissue (extravasation)
- The patient has sensitive or thin skin
- Improper technique is used
This can result in skin irritation, inflammation, bruising, discoloration, or, in more serious cases, ulceration or tissue necrosis (death of skin tissue).
What Happens If Not Treated:
If wounds or complications from sclerotherapy are left untreated:
- Skin ulcers can deepen, becoming painful and prone to infection
- The area may develop scarring or permanent pigmentation changes
- Untreated necrosis may lead to skin breakdown and open sores
- Poor healing may delay further necessary treatment for vein conditions
